Detection of an Acute HIV-1 Infection Case in the Last Day of Diagnostic Window through a Combination of Two Fourth-Generation Screening Assays on a Brazilian Public Healthy Institution: We Close the Window

In 2011, an estimated 2.2-2.8 million persons became infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) worldwide. Although the number of persons newly infected with HIV has decreased, with significant reduction in the mortality caused by the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), the number of persons living with HIV has increased steadily. HIV-1 testing is important for limiting the spread of infection and identifying individuals who might benefit from early initiation of antiviral therapy. Diagnostic window is the time between the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection and laboratory diagnosis, the period during which tests for HIV are negative in infected persons. “Detecting acute infection” has also been used synonymously with “closing the window”. We report a case where the diagnostic of acute infection was made in the last day of the diagnostic window, using a combination of two fourth-generation tests. Keywords: HIV; Diagnostic window; Fourth-generation assays