Evidence for the increased risk of cardiovascular disease in women with PCOS

Cardiovascular related disease has been established as the highest mortality cause for men and women in the United States. Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors such as increased LDL levels, hypertension, hyperandrogenism, hirsutism and acne, visceral obesity, atherosclerosis and insulin resistance has been demonstrated in women with polycystic ovary syndrome [PCOS]. Previous research has demonstrated association between PCOS and atherosclerosis, as well as increased risk of stroke. In this review we examine articles published in the last 5 years, examining new information as to the mechanisms of the different types of PCOS and its relationship to cardiovascular disease, utilizing online indexing tools and similar resources. PCOS is currently defined as single clinical entity, with different phenotypes and multiple definitions, and is commonly thought to be linked to insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease. Treatment approach to PCOS is currently more dependent on the goal treatments, whether that is fertility, weight loss or clinical presentation, with less focus on identifying the underlying pathophysiology of each phenotype and developing tailored treatments. We are going to challenge this notion and speculate on the best method of approach.