Caracterización de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y el control metabólico en el paciente hospitalizado

Introduction: the prevalence of type 2 diabetes has increased, being one of the leading causes of hospitalization and death in the population over 45 years. Objective: to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes hospitalized in the internal medicine service during the period between October 2010 and August 2012 in the Hospital San Jose, Bogota, Colombia. Material and methods: a series of cases of adult patients with type 2 diabetes independent from the reason for its hospitalization, is reported. Demographic characteristics, variables associated with diabetes (time of evolution, treatment, control by specialist and chronic complications), hospital stay, hospital complications and mortality were determined. Results: 318 patients, 283 known diabetics and 35 with de novo diabetes, mean age 65 years (SD 13.7). The leading cause of hospitalization was infectious disease (43%), followed by metabolic decompensation (21%). 81% was outside the goal of metabolic control. Neuropathy (68%) and diabetic nephropathy (66%) are the most common chronic complications. 71% had arterial hypertension. 17.5% of patients with poor metabolic control had a hospital stay longer to 10 days compared to 12% of those with good metabolic control. 17 deaths (5.3%) occurred mainly due to infectious complications. Conclusions: A significant number of diabetic patients on admission are outside metabolic control goals, with a high prevalence of chronic complications and longer hospital stay. Contrary to literature reviews, de novo diabetic patients showed no hospital complications.