Combined PET/CT image characteristics for radiotherapy tumor response in lung cancer

Abstract Background and Purpose Prediction of local failure in radiotherapy patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a challenging task. Recent evidence suggests that FDG–PET images can be used to predict outcomes. We investigate an alternative multimodality image-feature approach for predicting post-radiotherapy tumor progression in NSCLC. Material and methods We analyzed pre-treatment FDG–PET/CT studies of twenty-seven NSCLC patients for local and loco-regional failures. Thirty-two tumor region features based on SUV or HU, intensity-volume-histogram (IVH) and texture characteristics were extracted. Statistical analysis was performed using Spearman's correlation ( rs ) and multivariable logistic regression. Results For loco-regional recurrence, IVH variables had the highest univariate association. In PET, IVH-slope reached rs =0.3426 ( p =0.0403). Motion correction slightly improved correlation of texture features. In CT, coefficient of variation had the highest association rs =−0.2665 ( p =0.0871). Similarly for local failure, a CT-IVH parameter reached rs =0.4530 ( p =0.0105). For loco-regional and local failures, a 2-parameter model of PET-V 80 and CT-V 70 yielded rs =0.4854 ( p =0.0067) and rs =0.5908 ( p =0.0013), respectively. Addition of dosimetric variables provided improvement in cases of loco-regional but not local failures. Conclusions We proposed a feature-based approach to evaluate radiation tumor response. Our study demonstrates that multimodality image-feature modeling provides better performance compared to existing metrics and holds promise for individualizing radiotherapy planning.