Diagnosis and treatment of migraine.

Abstract Migraine is one of the most common and misunderstood diseases encountered in general medical practice. An estimated 23 million Americans suffer disabling migraines, yet only a minority are diagnosed (1,2). An even smaller percentage receive optimal care. Migraine extracts a significant personal, psychologic, social, and economic toll from migraineurs and their families. An estimated 150 million workdays are lost annually due to headache at an estimated cost of $6 to $17 billion (3,4). Recent advances in understanding of the pathophysiology and acute therapy provide the potential to markedly reduce the impact of migraine. Available abortive medications have efficacy rates as high as 80%, but only a minority of afflicted patients currently receive these therapies. While reducing headache pain, they also restore function, enabling an individual to return to work, family, and personal commitments (5). Future progress in migraine management resides in early identification and optimization of migraine treatment. This article focuses on diagnosis and treatment.