Visceral Adiposity Index and Chronic Kidney Disease in a Non-Diabetic Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

Purpose: To investigate the correlation between visceral obesity and pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among non-diabetic individuals, and to evaluate the potential of visceral adiposity index (VAI) as a predictor of CKD. Patients and Methods: From December 2017 to March 2018, 1877 non-diabetic participants (male n=699, female n=1208) in southern China were recruited for a cross-sectional survey. Males and females were divided into four groups according to gender-specific quartiles of VAI scores. A logistic regression model was established to analyze the correlation between visceral adiposity index and CKD. Results: Visceral adiposity index was positively correlated with CKD and was negatively associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Using group one as the control, odds ratios (ORs) were calculated to determine the risk of developing CKD as VAI increased (male: group four 2.73 [P<0.005]; female: Group three 1.76 [P<0.05], Group four 2.88 [P<0.005]). When related factors such as history of hypertension, smoking, alcohol use, and physical inactivity were normalized in the logistic model before calculation, ORs became 2.73 (male: P<0.05), and 2.18 (female: P<0.05), respectively. The results differed after normalizing further for systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), hypersensitive c-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), homocysteine (Hcy), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and retinol-binding protein (RBP). There were no significant differences in ORs among the female groups. Conclusion: Visceral adiposity index was significantly associated with CKD in non-diabetic individuals. It may be a good predictor of the pathogenesis of CKD and was dependent on hsCRP, IL-6, Hcy, SOD, RBP, and blood pressure levels in females and males with VAI scores of 1.41 and higher. Visceral adiposity index may be used to predict CKD in males with VAI less than 0.983.