Chronic left heart failure. A focus on the pathogenetic basis of medical treatment

: Chronic left heart failure is the result of the activation of pathophysiological mechanisms which over time lead to progressive deterioration of the cardiac function. As pharmacotherapy aims at these mechanisms and as treatment possibilities are increasing, we find it relevant to provide a survey. Treatment evidence is based mainly on systolic dysfunction. It consists of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, aldosterone antagonist, beta-blocker, digoxin and diuretics. Incorporation of evidence-based medicine and treatment of diastolic dysfunction should be focussed on in the future.