[A systematic review and expert's analysis of risk factors of infections in adults due to carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Acinetobacter baumannii in Spain].

Objective The aim of the study is to identify risk factors associated to infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) in adult patients through a systematic literature review, classify them according to their importance and provide recommendations by experts in the Spanish context. Methods We developed a systematic literature review to identify risk factors associated to CRPA or CRAB infections and they were evaluated and discussed by a multidisciplinary panel of experts. Results There were included 29 studies for P. aeruginosa and 23 for A. baumannii out of 593 identified through systematic literature review. We identified 38 risk factors for P. aeruginosa and 36 for A. baumannii. After risk factor evaluation by the panel of experts, results for CRPA were: 11 important, 10 slightly important and 15 unimportant risk factors; and for CRAB were: 9 important, 5 slightly important and 19 unimportant risk factors. For both pathogens, previous use of antibiotics and hospitalization were important risk factors. Conclusions We could identify the main risk factors associated to CRPA and CRAB through literature review. There is a need for developing additional studies with higher levels of evidence to identify sooner and better infected patients through associated risk factors.