Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Transurethral Enucleation and Resection of the Prostate: A Comparison of 1-Day Treatment and More than 2-Day Treatment

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of 1-day treatment of antimicrobial prophylaxis by analysis of the incidence and risk factors for postoperative infectious complications such as bacteriuria and urinary tract infection in the transurethral enucleation and resection of the prostate (TUERP). Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of 78 patients who underwent TUERP was performed. Of 78 patients, 32 patients received antibiotics less than 1 day (group A). The other 46 patients received antibiotics for more than 2 days (group B). All patients had urinalysis and urine culture preoperatively, on the day of removal, at 1-2 weeks and 3-4 weeks after discharge. The incidence and the risk factors for postoperative infectious complication were investigated. Results: The incidence of infectious complications after TUERP was not statistically significant between group A and group B (18.8% vs. 15.2%, p=0.680). Multivariate analysis documented only two independent risk factors of postoperative infectious complications: preoperative catheterization (OR, 4.189; 95% CI, 1.071-16.382; p=0.040) and diabetes mellitus (DM) (OR, 5.589; 95% CI, 1.469-21.256; p=0.012). Comparative analysis performed in subgroups with two risk factors also showed no difference in the incidence of infectious complication regardless of antibiotic duration. Conclusions: No significant difference in the incidence of postoperative infectious complications was observed between two groups. Therefore, it seems reasonable to prescribe prophylactic antibiotics less than 1 day for reducing postoperative infectious complications after TUERP. Preoperative urethral catheterization and DM were identified as significant risk factors for postoperative infectious complications and preventive management directed against the risk factors preoperatively is recommended.