A plasma cell-based pericardial effusion leading to tamponade in a patient with multiple myeloma — a case report and review of the literature

Abstract A rare case of extramedullary multiple myeloma causing cardiac tamponade secondary to a plasma cell-based pericardial effusion is described. A systematic search using PubMed (National Library of Medicine) was used to identify a further 27 cases dating back to 1970. Case characteristics, treatment strategies, and survival time following tamponade are discussed. Linear regression demonstrated a weak but statistically significant correlation between survival time following tamponade and treatment with systemic chemotherapy and steroids (β=16.8 weeks, P =.009). However, this manifestation of extramedullary multiple myeloma still conveys a dismal prognosis with a median survival following tamponade of only 6 weeks based on our review.