Childhood Tuberculosis in Nigeria: Disease Presentation and Treatment Outcomes:

Objectives:Understanding the factors that influence tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes in children is key to designing interventions to address them. This study aimed to determine the case category distribution of childhood TB in Nigeria and assess which clinical and demographic factors are associated with different treatment outcomes in childhood TB.Materials and methods:This was a retrospective cohort study involving a review of medical records of children (0-14 years) with TB in 3 states in Nigeria in 2015.Results:Of 724 childhood TB cases registered during the review period, 220 (30.4%) were aged 0–4 years. A high proportion of patients had pulmonary TB 420/724 (58.0%), new TB infection 713/724 (98.5%), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection 108/724 (14.7%). About 28% (n = 201) were bacteriologically diagnosed. The proportion of TB treatment success was 601/724 (83.0%). Treatment success was significantly higher in children aged 5–14 years than those 0–4 years (85.3% vs 77.7%, P = .01). ...