Intoxicaciones agudas por alcohol, otras drogas y fármacos psicoactivos

Initial management begins with the conventional system ABC (airway, breathing and circulation) and neurological assessment and management of complications (seizures, arrhythmias and electrolyte disorders). Subsequently, more specific to reduce the absorption, promote disposal and use of antidotes (if any) measures. The clinical manifestations of acute ethanol intoxication, relate directly with blood alcohol levels. Clinical management is based on general measures, thiamine must be used as prophylaxis for Wernicke encephalopathy. Several studies have shown that Metadoxine may be useful in treating acute alcohol intoxication. The clinical manifestations related to drug abuse are a common target, the condition of the central nervous system and hemodynamic instability. The handling is very similar, despite the variety of illicit substances: hydration, use of naloxone / flumazenil, checking vital signs. Psychotropic drugs are a very heterogeneous group, have a wide margin of safety (with exceptions). The use of activated charcoal should be performed at multiple doses, due to the long half life of this group, being ineffective measures to accelerate the elimination of the drug. Lithium is the drug within the group, sequels and organ damage can cause poisoning last once. The handling is related in case of serious poisoning, existing as only specific antidote flumazenil for benzodiazepine poisoning.