Observer success rates for identification of 3D surface reconstructed facial images and implications for patient privacy and security
2007
3D and multi-planar reconstruction of CT images have become indispensable in the routine practice of diagnostic
imaging. These tools cannot only enhance our ability to diagnose diseases, but can also assist in therapeutic planning as
well. The technology utilized to create these can also render surface reconstructions, which may have the undesired
potential of providing sufficient detail to allow recognition of facial features and consequently patient identity, leading
to violation of patient privacy rights as described in the HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act)
legislation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether 3D reconstructed images of a patient's facial features can
indeed be used to reliably or confidently identify that specific patient. Surface reconstructed images of the study
participants were created used as candidates for matching with digital photographs of participants. Data analysis was
performed to determine the ability of observers to successfully match 3D surface reconstructed images of the face with
facial photographs. The amount of time required to perform the match was recorded as well. We also plan to
investigate the ability of digital masks or physical drapes to conceal patient identity. The recently expressed concerns
over the inability to truly "anonymize" CT (and MRI) studies of the head/face/brain are yet to be tested in a prospective
study. We believe that it is important to establish whether these reconstructed images are a "threat" to patient
privacy/security and if so, whether minimal interventions from a clinical perspective can substantially reduce this
possibility.
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