Radiomics with Ensemble Machine Learning Predicts Dopamine Agonist Response in Patients with Prolactinoma.

Context Early identification of the response of prolactinoma patients to dopamine agonists (DA) is crucial in treatment planning. Objective To develop a radiomics model using an ensemble machine learning classifier with conventional magnetic resonance images (MRIs) to predict the DA response in prolactinoma patients. Design Retrospective study. Setting Severance Hospital. Patients A total of 177 prolactinoma patients who underwent baseline MRI (109 DA responders and 68 DA non-responders) were allocated to the training (n = 141) and test (n = 36) sets. Radiomic features (n = 107) were extracted from coronal T2-weighed MRIs. After feature selection, single models (random forest, light gradient boosting machine, extra-trees, quadratic discrimination analysis, and linear discrimination analysis) with oversampling methods were trained to predict the DA response. A soft voting ensemble classifier was used to achieve the final performance. The performance of the classifier was validated in the test set. Results The ensemble classifier showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.81 (95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.74-0.87) in the training set. In the test set, the ensemble classifier showed an AUC, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.81 (95 % CI, 0.67-0.96), 77.8 %, 78.6 %, and 77.3 %, respectively. The ensemble classifier achieved the highest performance among all the individual models in the test set. Conclusions Radiomic features may be useful biomarkers to predict the DA response in prolactinoma patients.