Review of computational methods for aerodynamic analysis of iced lifting surfaces

Abstract Extensive experimental studies and associated reviews have been conducted to better understand the aerodynamic impact of iced lifting surfaces based on measurements. This review is a computational compliment to these previous studies to understand how well we can predict these aerodynamics. In particular, we focus on classifying three-dimensional computational fluid dynamic (CFD) studies that have analyzed the aerodynamic impact of ice accretion on lifting surface geometries over the past three decades. The classification considers and discusses: airfoil/wing geometry, ice shape, flow conditions, meshing type/technique, numerical schemes, turbulence model, and prediction accuracy (via experimental validation). The review culminates in an informed commentary on the current gaps of knowledge present with regards to predicting aerodynamics on iced lifting surfaces, and recommends strategies for the research community to use to help address these issues.