Relation of Concomitant Heart Failure to Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized With Influenza

Influenza is a major public health challenge. Patients hospitalized with influenza who also have heart failure (HF) may be at risk for worse outcomes compared with patients without HF. There is a lack of large studies examining this issue. We queried the 2013 to 2014 National Inpatient Sample for all adult patients (aged ≥ 18 years) admitted with influenza with and without concomitant HF. Using propensity score matching, patients were matched across demographics, discharge weights, and comorbidities. Outcomes included in-hospital mortality, complications, length of stay, and average hospital costs. Of 218,540 influenza hospitalizations, 45,460 (20.8%) had concomitant HF. Patients with HF had higher in-hospital mortality (6.1% vs 3.8%, adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.66 [95% confidence interval [CI] 1.44 to 1.91]; p