Successful therapeutic use of a single-dose of rituximab on relapse in adults with minimal change nephrotic syndrome.

Minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) usually is considered to have a good renal prognosis, but the frequency of relapses is a therapeutic challenge to physicians. The treatment of patients with multiple relapses remains a matter of controversy, because few controlled studies are available. We report the case of a 25-year-old man who experienced relapses of MCNS. Single-dose rituximab therapy (total dose 500 mg) was given during the fourth relapse. Complete remission occurred 10 days later, when no CD 19/20-positive B cells were detected in the blood. This the first report of efficacy of single-dose rituximab therapy to treat multi-relapsing MCNS in an adult patient.