Factors Associated with Pneumococcal Vaccination in 2040 People with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-sectional Study

Abstract Aims Pneumococcal vaccination is recommended in diabetes because of the high risk for invasive pneumococcal disease and mortality; however, vaccination rates are below recommended targets. This study was conducted to identify possible reasons behind the low rate of vaccine uptake. Methods We examined baseline information from the Alberta Caring for Diabetes study, a prospective cohort study of 2040 adults with type 2 diabetes. Patients were recruited between December 2011 and December 2013. The baseline survey collected information on a wide range of socio-demographic characteristics, disease and management information, as well as health status measurements and health service utilization. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with self-reported pneumococcal vaccination status. Results Mean age was 64 (SD 11) years, 45% were women, mean duration of diabetes was 12 (SD 10) years, and 1090 (53%) were vaccinated. Age ≥ 65 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.52; 95% CI: 1.98–3.20), respiratory disease (aOR 1.50; 95% CI: 1.17–1.93), and cancer (aOR 1.45; 95% CI: 1.08–1.94) were independently associated with pneumococcal vaccination. In addition, women, retirees, people with diabetes ≥ 10 years, people using antihypertensive medications or insulin, and those who had their HbA 1c , kidney function, or their weight or waist circumference measured by a healthcare professional in the past year were more likely to have been vaccinated. Conclusion Based on this information, future programs aimed at people aged