Modelling ballast behaviour under dynamic loading. Part 1: A 2D polygonal discrete element method approach

Discrete element simulation provides some insight into the alteration of railway ballast after repeated train passings. The present Part 1 is devoted to a 2D model of this granular layer interposed between the deformable ground and the rail sleeper, to which a large number of loading cycles is applied. Ballast grains are modelled as indeformable polygonal solids. A detailed account of the application to this frictional dynamical problem of the Non-Smooth Contact Dynamics numerical method is given. Validation is obtained through comparison with physical experiments performed on assemblies of prismatic mineral grains. Numerical results on the settlement of a track submitted to 20,000 loading cycles or more are presented.