Ophthalmic Nanosuspensions: Toxicity and Formulation

Treatment of posterior regions of the eye is challenging due to the difficulties faced with overcoming the blood-retinal barrier and the blood-aqueous barrier. In efforts to find a nontoxic and less invasive approach, nanoparticles have shown significant potential based on their size and composition. Many of the vectors discussed, such as PLGA, are biocompatible. Eudragit nanoparticles show low levels of toxicity in ocular models. Chitosan used in nanoparticle formulation is derived from chitin, an organic source. Additionally, human serum albumin-based nanoparticles show effective drug delivery through in vivo studies. The antibacterial properties of silver and its accessibility have led to studies investigating its potential with nanoparticles. Liposomes and nanomicelles interact similarly as they are able to entrap hydrophobic drugs for delivery. With proper use of these vectors in terms of formulation of nanosuspensions, there is potential for treating ocular diseases. Furthermore, the biological breakdown of these nanosuspensions emphasizes their biocompatibility. Incorporating other vectors and biomolecules will allow for new avenues with ocular drug delivery and treatment.