Factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de Pie Diabético

Objective: To determine the risk factors for the development of diabetic foot in patients of the Endocrinology Unit of the Autonomous Institute University Hospital of Los Andes, Merida, Venezuela. Methods: One hundred type 2 diabetic patients were selected and divided into two groups: 50 patients with diabetic foot (cases) and 50 without diabetic foot (controls), of both sexes, over 18 years of age, matched by age, sex and duration of diabetes. Socio-demographic variables, antecedents, anthropometric measures, disease characteristics, metabolic control, comorbidities and clinical characteristics of the foot were evaluated. Results: There was no association of marital status, education level, psychobiological habits, nutritional status, and presence of arterial hypertension or dyslipidemia, with the presentation of diabetic foot. The predominant lesion in the cases was Wagner grade 2, and according to the Texas classifi cation, it was IIB. There was a signifi cant association of diabetic foot with poor metabolic control (p=0.003; OR:3.451; 95%CI:1.517-7.852), presence of neuropathy (p=0.0001; OR:5.670; 95%CI:2.144-14.997), alteration of the ankle arm index (p=0.004; OR:3.545; IC05%:1.487-8.454) and the personal history of diabetic foot (p=0.0001; OR:8.609; 95%CI:3.110-23.832). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the presence of neuropathy, the alteration of the ankle arm index and the personal history of diabetic foot remained as independent predictive factors. Conclusion: The risk factors associated with diabetic foot found in this study are similar to those reported in the world literature. It is very important to maintain adequate metabolic control to avoid neuropathic and angiopathic damage that favor the development of diabetic foot.