A clinical prospective study on alveolar bone augmentation and dental implant success in patients with type 2 diabetes

Objectives The objective of this prospective, controlled clinical study was to determine the outcomes of dental implant therapy with staged guided bone regeneration procedures in patients with type 2 diabetes. Patients and methods Twenty-four patients were included in the study. Half of the patients were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (group 1) while the other half (group 2) of the patients consisted of patients without diabetes. The edentulous maxillary anterior/premolar regions with sufficient vertical height but inadequate horizontal width were treated with staged guided bone regeneration technique and with one or two implant-supported fixed restorations. The patients were followed up at least for 12 months. The parameters that were evaluated were radiographic evaluations on CBCT images and periapical radiographs, histomorphometric analysis, resonance frequency analysis (RFA) and wound-healing parameters. The data were analyzed statistically. Results A total of 43 implants were placed in 24 patients (22 implants in group 1 and 21 implants in group 2). The survival rates of implants were 100% for both groups. The success rate of implants was 95% for group 1 and 100% for group 2. None of the parameters including CBCT findings, RFA values, success rates and wound-healing scores showed a significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion Staged guided bone regeneration is a feasible augmentation procedure for the treatment of horizontal bone deficiencies of the maxillary anterior/premolar regions in well-controlled type 2 diabetic patients.