Influence of Nanoparticles of Metals and Their Oxides on the Photosynthetic Apparatus of Plants

A comparative survey of the published data concerning the effects of the most frequently used metal nanoparticles and their oxides on the main parameters of the photosynthetic apparatus activity and the chloroplast ultrastructure of higher plants is presented. It is demonstrated that metal nanoparticles are capable of both stimulating and suppressing activities towards the photosynthetic apparatus. Possible mechanisms of the effects of metal nanoparticles on the plant organism are discussed.