Proton Pump Inhibitor Co-medication Reduces Mycophenolate Acid Drug Exposure in Heart Transplant Recipients

Background Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are often prescribed for gastrointestinal discomfort after heart transplantation (HTx). This study investigates the impact of PPI use on mycophenolate acid (MPA) pharmacokinetics in heart transplant recipients receiving mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and tacrolimus (Tac). Methods MPA post-dose plasma concentrations at 0 to 2 hours were obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in 21 patients on pantoprazole 40 mg/day (PPI group) and 12 patients not on pantoprazole (control group). In a subgroup, MPA plasma concentrations at 0 to 12 hours were measured to evaluate full MPA area-under-the-curve (AUC) measurements. Results In the PPI group, the mean daily MMF dose was 1,912 ± 1,023 mg with mean pre-dose serum concentrations (C 0 ) of 1.9 ± 1.4 mg/liter, without a significant difference from controls. Mean post-dose MPA concentrations at 30 minutes (C 0.5h ) were significantly higher in the control group (control, 17.9 ± 11.5 mg/liter; PPI, 6.7 ± 4.6 mg/liter; p 1h, 2h ) MPA concentrations were persistently higher in the control group (1 hour: control, 13.8 ± 9.1 mg/liter; PPI, 7.7 ± 4.1 mg/liter; 2 hours: control, 7.6 ± 4.2; PPI, 5.0 ± 2.8 mg/liter; p 12h : control, 3.3 ± 2.4 mg/liter; PPI, 1.6 ± 1.3 mg/liter; p 0–3h (control, 59.5 ± 20.7 mg/liter; PPI, 41.7 ± 23.4 mg/liter; p max ) in the PPI group was significantly lower (10.1 ± 4.7 mg/liter) than in the control group (45.5 ± 53.5 mg/liter, p max revealed no differences (control: 1.1 ± 0.77 hours; PPI: 1.1 ± 0.97 hours). Furthermore, a clear trend for more acute rejection episodes (AREs) and more transplant vasculopathy (TVP) was found in the PPI group. Conclusions Patients with PPI co-medication show significantly lower MPA plasma concentrations, possibly due to decreased absorption. Therapeutic drug monitoring allows identification of patients with decreased MMF drug exposure who might be at risk for acute rejection.