Preparation method of silica-modified multi-spherical-cavity carbon material and application of carbon material to fuel cell membrane electrode

The invention discloses a preparation method of a silica-modified multi-spherical-cavity carbon material and application of the carbon material to a fuel cell membrane electrode. According to the method, a silica bead is used as a template, aniline is polymerized around the bead, the silica bead is carbonized and etched in sequence, and the nitrogen-doped silica-modified multi-spherical-cavity carbon material is obtained. The size of spherical cavities of the multi-spherical-cavity carbon material is controllable, meanwhile the multi-spherical-cavity carbon material has certain oxygen reduction electrochemical activity, and therefore the carbon material can serve as a material relevant to electro-catalysis. Besides, silica modification enables the multi-spherical-cavity carbon material to have self-humidifying performance. A catalyst prepared from the silica-multi-spherical-cavity carbon material which serves as a carrier carrying Pt is high in electro-catalytic property, good in performance and stability under low humidity and long in service life and is an ideal choice for a fuel cell anode catalyst. It is indicated that the silica-multi-spherical-cavity carbon material can serve as the carrier material of the fuel cell anode catalyst and the material relevant to self-humidifying of the membrane electrode.