High and odd impact exercise training improved physical function and fall risk factors in community-dwelling older men
2018
High impact exercise programmes can improve bone strength, but little is known about whether this type of training
further benefits fracture risk by improving physical function in older people. Objectives: This study investigated the influence
of high impact exercise on balance, muscle function and morphology in older men. Methods: Fifty, healthy men (65-80
years) were assigned to a 6-month multidirectional hopping programme (TG) and twenty age and physical activity matched
volunteers served as controls (CG). Before and after training, muscle function (hop performance, leg press and plantar- and
dorsiflexion strength) and physiological determinants (muscle thickness and architecture) as well as balance control (sway
path, one leg stance duration) were measured. Resting gastrocnemius medialis (GM) muscle thickness and architecture
were assessed using ultrasonography. Results: Significant improvements in hop impulse (+12%), isometric leg-press
strength (+4%) and ankle plantarflexion strength (+11%), dorsiflexor strength (+20%) were found in the TG compared to
the CG (ANOVA interaction, P<0.05) and unilateral stance time improved over time for TG. GM muscle thickness indicated
modest hypertrophy (+4%), but muscle architecture was unchanged. Conclusion: The positive changes in strength and
balance after high impact and odd impact training would be expected to improve physical function in older adults.
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