Magnetic Resonance Imaging Proton Density Fat Fraction Associates With Progression of Fibrosis in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Abstract Markers are needed to predict progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The proton density fat fraction, measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI-PDFF), provides an accurate, validated marker of hepatic steatosis. However, it is not clear whether the proton density fat fraction identifies patients at risk for NAFLD progression. We performed a follow-up study of 95 well-characterized patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD and examined the association between liver fat content and fibrosis progression. MRI-PDFF measurements were made at study entry (baseline). Biopsies were collected from patients at baseline and after a mean time period of 1.75 years. Among patients with no fibrosis at baseline, a higher proportion of patients in the higher liver fat group (MRI-PDFF ≥ 15.7%) had fibrosis progression (38.1%) than in the lower liver fat group (11.8%) (P=.067). In multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models (adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, and body mass index), patients in the higher liver fat group had a significantly higher risk of fibrosis progression (multivariable adjusted odds ratio, 6.7; 95% CI, 1.01–44.1) (P=.049). Our findings associate higher liver fat content, measured by MRI-PDFF, with fibrosis progression.