Elevated Lipoprotein A in South Asians and the Associated Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review

Abstract Background: South Asians have a premature risk of cardiovascular disease and increased lipoprotein A which enhances their risk. Methods: This systematic review evaluates the role of elevated lipoprotein A in cardiovascular disease risk for South Asians. It discusses the pathophysiology, clinical studies, and treatment of elevated lipoprotein A using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses method. Results: A total of 72 articles was incorporated which consisted of clinical studies, case-control and cohort studies, meta-analysis, reviews, and editorials. Cardiovascular disease and myocardial infarction occurs prematurely in South Asians, which is further enhanced with an elevated lipoprotein A. Conclusions: South Asians with an elevated lipoprotein A have an increased risk of coronary artery disease so they should have early enactment of lifestyle modification and aggressive medical management.