Clinical and metabolic profile of patients with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults in specialized care in Madrid

Abstract Objective To report the clinical characteristics of patients with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA), and to ascertain their metabolic control and associated chronic complications. Methods Patients with DM attending specialized medical care in Madrid who met the following criteria: age at diagnosis of DM >30 years, initial insulin independence for at least 6 months and positive GAD antibodies were enrolled. Clinical profiles, data on LADA diagnosis, associated autoimmunity, C-peptide levels, therapeutic regimen, metabolic control, and presence of chronic complications were analyzed. Results Number of patients; 193; 56% females. Family history of DM: 62%. Age at DM diagnosis: 49 years. Delay in confirmation of LADA: 3.5 years. Insulin-independence time: 12 months. Baseline serum C-peptide levels: 0.66 ng/ml. Basal-bolus regimen: 76.7%. Total daily dose: 35.1 U/day, corresponding to 0.51 U/kg. With no associated oral antidiabetic drugs: 33.5%. Other autoimmune diseases: 57%. Fasting plasma glucose: 160.5 mg/dL. HbA1c: 7.7%. BMI: 25.4 kg/m 2 (overweight, 31.5%; obesity, 8%). Blood pressure: 128/75. HDL cholesterol: 65 mg/dL. LDL cholesterol: 96 mg/dL. Triglycerides: 89 mg/dL. Known chronic complications: 28%. Conclusions Recognition of LADA may be delayed by several years. There is a heterogeneous pancreatic insulin reserve which is negative related to glycemic parameters. Most patients are poorly controlled despite intensive insulin therapy. They often have overweight, but have adequate control of BP and lipid profile and a low incidence of macrovascular complications.