Mechanical thrombectomy for minor and mild stroke patients harboring large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation: A multicenter case control study

Background and purpose Proximal large vessel occlusion (LVO) is present in up to 30% of minor strokes. There is no proven effectiveness of MT in the subgroup of minor stroke with LVO in the anterior circulation and data about mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in this subgroup of patients are sparse, with optimal management of these patients being yet not definitely addressed. The purpose of this case-control study was to evaluate MT in patients suffering from acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and LVO in the anterior circulation, presenting with minor to mild stroke symptoms (NIHSS  Material and methods Case-control study involving 4 comprehensive stroke centers, having two approaches regarding management of minor and mild AIS patients harboring LVO in the anterior circulation. An intention-to-treat analysis was conducted. The primary end point was the rate of excellent outcome defined as the achievement of a modified Rankin Scale score of 0–1 at 3 months. Results In total, 301 patients were included, 170 with MT associated to best medical management (BMM, case group) and 131 with BMM alone as first line treatment (control group). Patients treated with MT were younger, more often received intravenous thrombolysis, and had shorter time to imaging. Twenty-four patients (18.3%) belonging to the medical group had rescue MT due to neurologic worsening. Overall, excellent outcome was achieved in 64.5% of patients, with no difference between the two groups. Stratified analysis according to key subgroups did not find heterogeneity in the treatment effect size. Conclusion Patients having underwent MT or BMM achieve excellent and favorable functional outcome at 3 months in similar proportions. However, baseline characteristics were different between the 2 groups, highlighting the urgent need for randomized clinical trials in this subset of patients.