State-of-the-Art Review - Endovascular Resuscitation.

The emerging concept of endovascular resuscitation applies catheter-based techniques in the management of patients in shock to manipulate physiology, optimize hemodynamics and bridge to definitive care. These interventions hope to address an unmet need in the care of severely injured patients, or those with refractory non-traumatic cardiac arrest, who were previously deemed non-survivable. These evolving techniques include Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of Aorta (REBOA), Selective Aortic Arch Perfusion (SAAP) and Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) and there is growing literature base behind them. This review presents the up to date techniques and interventions, along with their application, evidence base and controversy within the new era of resuscitation.