Single-Stage Formation of Film Polymer Composites in Supercritical Colloid Solutions of Nanoparticles Obtained by Laser Ablation

Abstract—A review of earlier studies is presented together with new results on the creation of highly concentrated colloid solutions with nanoparticles of noble metals (gold and silver) in a supercritical carbon dioxide (SC–CO2) medium and the development of a single-stage method for the production of polymer nanocomposites. The effect of the SC–CO2 density on the dynamics of the formation and decomposition of supercritical fluids (SCFs) of silver and gold nanocolloids in the process of pulsed laser ablation and after its termination is studied. The possibility of the formation of colloids from bimetallic nanoparticles was considered. The effective dielectric permittivity of a colloid solution of silver nanoparticles in SC–CO2 is calculated by the numerical modeling of extinction spectra in the dipole approximation at various densities, with consideration for the size of nanoparticles and the degree of their asphericity. The formation of various film nanocomposites based on a porous copolymer polytetrafluoroethylene—vinylidenefluoride with ruby nanoparticles and two modifications of pure porous polytetrafluoroethylene with silver nanoparticles in the same SCF reactor and with a single technological process is considered.