Update in Bloodstream Infection Diagnosis Using New Methods in Microbiology

Bloodstream infections remain an important cause of morbidity/mortality worldwide. The diagnosis of these infections is time-consuming, even with the use of automated blood culture systems. Several systems based on molecular biology and, more recently, proteomics have been developed to allow rapid and accurate diagnosis of bloodstream infections. Here, we describe some recently technologies and commercial systems available to detect and to identify microorganisms and bacterial antimicrobial resistance-coding genes from positive blood culture bottles and whole-blood samples. Evaluation of clinical outcomes in multicenter studies and clinical trials with these new tests is warranted in conjunction with antimicrobial stewardship use and programs for interpretation of results to be provided to physicians.