Associations with glycemic control and advanced protein glycation: The Oslo Study

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSdIn a long-term follow-up study, 27 persons with type 1 diabetes of 40 6 3 years duration underwent large-nerve fiber examinations, with nerve conduction studies at baseline and years 8, 17, and 27. Small-fiber functions were assessed by quantitative sensory thresholds (QST) and intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD) at year 27. HbA1c wasmeasured prospectively through 27 years. SerumCMLwasmeasured at year 17 by immunoassay. Serum hydroimidazolone was measured at year 27 with liquid chromatography– mass spectrometry.