The prevalence of exfoliation syndrome in Turkey

Purpose To investigate the prevalence of the exfoliation syndrome and its relationship with ocular and cardiovascular diseases in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey. Methods This cross-sectional and population-based study was conducted at the Sivas Province among the population aged 40 years and over. The diagnosis of XFS was made when exfoliative material was found on the anterior lens capsule or iris on slit-lamp examination. The subjects were divided into an XFS group and a non-XFS group according to the presence of exfoliative material, and the groups were compared for the presence of glaucoma, cataract, age-related macular degeneration, phacodonesis, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, smoking and alcohol-use frequency. Results XFS was present in 63 subjects consisting of 42 males (8.0%) and 21 females (3.6%) for an overall rate of 5.7% (95% CI: 0.054–0.060). Once we adjusted the values for age, we found a statistically significant relationship of increased age and male gender with the presence of XFS (p = 0.001, p = 0.027, respectively). The relationship between XFS and glaucoma, cataract and phacodonesis was found to be statistically significant (p = 0.001). No relationship was found between exfoliation syndrome and hypertension, diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease. Conclusion The prevalence of exfoliation syndrome was 5.7% in this population-based study. There was a statistically significant relationship between XFS and advancing age and male gender.