Noninvasive Ventilation and High-Flow Nasal Cannula Alternate Use in Pediatric Patients

In this chapter, we described high-flow nasal cannula therapy (HFNC) and noninvasive ventilation treatment (NIV) modalities and told about their usage in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). We discussed articles published within the last 2 years comparing NIV, especially continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and HFNC therapies in pediatric patients of different health situations as hypoxemic respiratory failure (RF), severe asthma exacerbations, acute bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and acute respiratory failure (ARF) after cardiac surgery. We paid special attention to choose the systematic reviews and meta-analysis and original articles with the largest study population issued in years between 2017 and 2019. However, our search for some of these topics resulted in only one or a few studies in childhood, and the issue dates were earlier than 2017. To ensure the integrity of the subject, we included some of the earlier studies and some of the adult studies where pediatric studies were not found.