An Overview of New Strategies Based on Functional Nanoscale Materials to the Treatment of Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious infectious disease of chronic evolution caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). In general, TB control depends on many factors, among which a fast and accurate diagnosis is essential, which in turn makes it possible to carry out a complete treatment involving the proper administration of medications by patients with active disease, that is, to prevent the transmission and evolution of this disease. Despite efforts to TB control, only in 2018, about 1.5 million people died for causes attributed to TB. This likely is due to the appearance of multidrug-resistant strains to known drugs, as well as individuals with HIV/AIDS who are more susceptible to TB. Thus, in this perspective, it is fundamentally important to develop new therapeutic options for the treatment of TB. Hence, this chapter aims to identify new therapeutic alternatives available in the scientific literature based on the use of functional nanoscale materials as strategies to control the increase in bacterial resistance to drugs commonly used in the treatment of TB.