Introduction to the challenges of bone repair

Abstract Within the body, the bone plays many key roles, everything from a support structure, to a protective shell, to a metabolic source of ions. While bone can normally adapt to the changing demands of its environment, when the system breaks down, it can be devastating to the individual and society. The majority of the population will experience an ailment related to bone in their lifetime, as the result of trauma or disease. These appear in the orthopedics, dentistry, maxillofacial, and spinal regions. Collectively, these conditions account for a large amount of healthcare spending, and negatively impact society by reducing productivity and lowering the quality of life. In many cases, surgery is required to repair the affected area, often utilizing implants. Important barriers to current bone repair implants are the management of infections, improvement of fixation in unhealthy bone, and integration of bone and implant. Biomaterials are poised to play a unique role in solving these issues.