Interakcje wybranych leków kardiologicznych ze składnikami diety

The ageing society and the growing problem of fragility syndrome necessitate the long-term use of cardiac drugs, thereby increasing the risk from drug/food interactions. The aim of this study was to present the interaction between foods and those drugs used in the clinical practice of cardiologists. The effect of vitamin K antagonists is intensified by food and drink such as sage, camomile, parsley, aniseed, liquorice, ginger, ginseng, cranberry juice, and grapefruit juice, among others. However, products rich in vitamin K inhibit the therapeutic effect of coumarin derivatives. Due to the increased risk of bleeding, antiplatelet drugs should not be combined with dietary supplements containing Ginkgo biloba which inhibits platelet activating factor. The literature indicates the occurrence of a similar risk when combining antiplatelet drugs with garlic-containing supplements. Numerous scientific studies have looked at the impact of food on the absorption of antihypertensive drugs. The best known of these is grapefruit/grapefruit juice. It was recently found that grapefruit acts by interfering in the activity of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzyme. People who regularly take cardiac drugs are exposed to food/drug interactions, and should be aware of the possible complications. There is an urgent need to educate patients in the area of food/drug interactions. Therefore, a therapeutic team should be created consisting of a general practitioner, a cardiologist, a psychologist, a nurse and a dietician.