Impact of Blood Transfusions on Survival and Recurrence in Colorectal Cancer Surgery

The aim of our study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of blood transfusion on recurrence and survival in patients undergoing curative resections for colorectal cancer. Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of patients after elective resections for colorectal cancer between January 2001 and December 2009 was undertaken. The main endpoint was overall survival, disease-free survival, and recurrence rate. These data were evaluated in relation to blood transfusion (group A, no blood transfusion; group B, one to two blood transfusions; group C, three and more blood transfusions). A total of 583 patients met the criteria for inclusion in the study. Of these, 132 (22.6 %) patients received blood transfusion in the perioperative period. There were 83 (14.2 %) patients who received one or two blood transfusions and 49 (8.4 %) patients who required three or more transfusions. Patients with three or more transfusions had a significantly worse 5-year overall survival, disease-free survival, and increased incidence of distant recurrences in comparison with the group without transfusion or the group with one or two transfusions. Multivariate analysis showed that the application of three or more blood transfusions is an independent risk factor for overall survival (P = 0.001; HR 2.158; 95 % CI 1.370–3.398), disease-free survival (P < 0.001; HR 2.514; 95 % CI 1.648–3.836), and the incidence of distant recurrence (P < 0.001; HR 2.902; 95 % CI 1.616–5.212). Application of three or more blood transfusions in patients operated for colorectal carcinoma is an adverse prognostic factor. Indications for blood transfusion should be carefully considered not only with regard to the risk of early complications, but also because of the possibility of compromising long-term results.