Lactobacillus rhamnosus Endocarditis After Upper Endoscopy

Lactobacillus rhamnosus is commonly found in gastrointestinal flora and used in probiotics but is a rare human pathogen. We report a case of L. rhamnosus endocarditis following upper endoscopy in a frequent consumer of yogurt containing the organism, who required aortic and mitral valve replacement for cure.