Outcomes of adjuvant treatments for resectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Chemotherapy alone, sequential chemoradiotherapy, or concurrent chemoradiotherapy

Abstract Background Prospective randomized trials have not been used to evaluate the efficacy of adjuvant therapies after intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) resection. Methods We analyzed data from the Taiwan Cancer Registry database of ICC patients receiving resection. To compare outcomes, patients with ICC were enrolled and categorized into the following adjuvant treatment modality groups: group 1, concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT); group 2, sequential chemotherapy (CT) and radiotherapy (RT); and group 3, CT alone. Results We enrolled 599 patients with resectable ICC who received surgery without distant metastasis. Of these patients, 174 received adjuvant CCRT (group 1), 146 received adjuvant sequential CT and RT (group 2), and 279 received adjuvant CT alone (group 3). Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that pathologic stage and positive margin were significantly poor independent predictors. After adjustment for confounders, adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for overall mortality at advanced pathologic stages III and IV were 0.55 (0.41–0.74) and 0.92 (0.70–1.33) in groups 1 and 2, respectively, compared with group 3. Conclusions Adjuvant CCRT improved survival in resected ICC with advanced pathologic stages or a positive margin in early pathologic stages compared with adjuvant CT alone or adjuvant sequential CT and RT.