Association between erythrocyte membrane n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and carotid atherosclerosis: A prospective study

Abstract Background and aims The relationship of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) with cardiovascular risk is still controversial. We aimed to determine whether erythrocyte n-3 and n-6 PUFAs are related to the risk of carotid atherosclerosis. Methods From 2008 to 2019, baseline erythrocyte n-3 and n-6 PUFAs were determined in a cohort of 4040 Chinese adults (40–75 ys). The intima-media thickness (IMT) at the common carotid artery (CCA) and bifurcation of the carotid artery (BIF) and carotid plaque were assessed using ultrasonography at baseline and every 3 y. Results During a median follow-up of 8.8 y, we identified the following newly diagnosed cases: 535 cases of CCAIMT thickening, 654 cases of BIFIMT thickening, and 850 cases of carotid plaque. Higher erythrocyte docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) and lower gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) were associated with decreased risks of BIFIMT thickening. N-3 eicosatrienoic acid (ETrA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and n-6 dodecylthioacetic acid (DTA) presented a significant beneficial association with carotid thickening in the short-term (2.8 y) follow-up (all p trend Conclusions Higher erythrocyte very-long-chain n-3 and n-6 PUFAs (especially DHA and ARA) and lower erythrocyte GLA are associated with lower carotid atherosclerosis risk, suggesting potential cardioprotective roles of very-long-chain PUFAs.