Antenatal diagnosis and prognostic factors of aneurysmal malformation of the vein of Galen: A case report and literature review

RATIONALE: Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (VGAM) is a rare complex malformation of the cerebral vascular system consisting of arteriovenous shunts between the vein of Galen and the cerebral arteries. PATIENT CONCERNS: We present the case of a 31-year-old pregnant woman, para 1, gravida 1. DIAGNOSES: At 26 weeks' gestation who was examined for an anechoic mass on the cerebral median midline with color and pulsed Doppler. She presented with positive flow on the color and pulsed Doppler test, associated with hydrocephalus, cortical hypoplasia, cardiomegaly, jugular vein distension. INTERVENTIONS: No intervention for VGAM was done. OUTCOMES: This case of a VGAM was associated with negative prognostic factors. LESSONS: The ultrasound color Doppler together with the 3D power Doppler allowed reconstruction of the vascular connections and of the relationship of these with other anatomical structures, which contributed to establishing the prognosis.