WITHDRAWN: Phytochemical, antimicrobial and antidiabetic activity of Dicliptera bupleuroides: An ethnomedicinal non-toxic plant

Objective To determine the phytochemical, antibacterial, antifungal and antidiabetic activities of leaves, stem and roots of Dicliptera bupleuroides (D. bupleuroides) Nees. of family Acanthaceae. Methods Almost 250 g of plant powder macerated with ethanol. The glass container was then sealed and remained airtight for seven days by occasionally trembling and rousing. Fusion filtered with the help of filter paper. Ethanolic extract of D. bupleuroides then evaporated on a rotary evaporator and a sultry extract was obtained. Results Almost all the tested secondary metabolites were present qualitatively in leaves, stem and roots. Except Saponin that was present in leaves and stem but absent in roots. Lipid was present in leaves but absent in stem and roots. In antibacterial activity four bacteria i.e. Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus were used for antibacterial activity. Ethanolic extract of leaves and roots showed activity against all tested bacteria whereas the extract of stem does not showed any activity against Bacillus subtilis. All results were compared with antibiotics, tetracycline, cefoperazone and erythromycin. Stem and roots extract showed activity against A. niger whereas the extract of leaves does not show any activity. Extract of leaves and stem showed activity against A. oryza but extract of roots showed no activity. All the results were compared with antimycotics, ampicillin and terbinafine. In antidiabetic activity ethanolic extract of D. bupleuroides Nees. leaves, stem and roots were administered to normal and alloxan induce male mice. Two doses of extracts (250 and 500 mg/kg) were evaluated for antidiabetic activity. The metformin (250 and 500 mg/kg) was used as standard drug whereas the control group only administered with distilled water. The glucose concentration was measured with the gap of two hours such as first reading at 0 hour and then after 2, 4, 6, 8 h, while last reading at 24 h later than treatment. At first when the dose at (250 mg/kg) concentration was administered, the leaves extract showed the significant results in lowering down the blood glucose level than stem and roots extract. At 0 hour the glucose level of leaves, stem and roots extract was 243.6±3.4, 213.6±4.8 and 205.4±2.1, respectively. After 24 h the glucose level of leaves extract administered mice lowered down to 189.4±9.1 whereas the extract of stem and roots having refusal results which was 218.6±9.4 and 193.6±9.6 respectively. So for further test the ethanolic extract of plant parts was used at (500 mg/kg) concentration. At 0 hour the blood glucose level of leaves, stem and roots were 227.8±17.7, 222.2±8.4 and 206.8±2.8 respectively. As usually after 24 h leaves extract showed best results in lowering blood glucose level which was 123.0±5.3, but the stem and root extract given no significant result at this concentration which was 206.8±2.8 and 207.8±4.1. After the comparison of all groups the results showed that ethanolic extract of D. bupleuroides Nees. play a vital role in treatment of diabetes. Acute toxicity study showed efficient results at 500 mg/kg concentration animals with in that variety not showed any fatal or mortal were experimented. Conclusions The results of the present study reveal that D. bupleuroides Nees. having antimicrobial and antidiabetic activities. This plant has secondary metabolites and is non toxic so this needs further study in industries.