Examining prevalence trends of pre-diabetes and diabetes and associated risk factors in Vietnamese adults

Objectives Diabetes mellitus is one of the serious non-communicable diseases rapidly increasing in Vietnam, particularly among adults aged over 45 years. This study estimated trends of diabetes and prediabetes prevalence and determined risk factors in Vietnamese adults (over 45 years). Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted based on data from an annual diabetes screening program among people aged 45-69 years in an urban city in central Vietnam, namely Da Nang city. Joinpoint regression analyses were performed to calculate the annual percentage change and p-trend values. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to determine risk factors. Results A total of 3,765 men and 9,149 women were included in this analysis. Age-adjusted prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in 2017 was 11.4% and 52.9%, respectively. Diabetes prevalence was higher in men (15.1%) than women (10.3%), however, prediabetes prevalence was similar in both genders (53.4% vs. 52.8%). There was a significant increase in the trend of prediabetes, whereas no upward or downward trend of diabetes was observed in the study period. Prevalence of obesity, abdominal obese, hypertension, and dyslipidemia showed no obvious trend. Obesity, high waist-to-hip ratio, hypertension, larger abdominal obese, and dyslipidemia were significantly associated with a higher risk of diabetes and prediabetes. Conclusion : Diabetes, prediabetes prevalence of people aged over 45 years are prevalent and relatively higher than the general population. Da Nang city has experienced a marked increase in trend prevalence of prediabetes. These findings have significant implications for understanding that public health interventions and management towards the prevention and diabetes control.