Aspects of Shock Control and Adaptive Wing Technology

The development of the boundary layer and shock boundary layer interaction essentially determine the performance boundaries of transonic transport aircraft. Employing shock and boundary layer control has therefore a large potential for improving flight performance in terms of cruise drag and with regard to the drag-rise and buffet boundaries. Various means of shock and boundary layer control are described and aerodynamic performance improvements due to control discussed. Shock conditions and critical stages in the development of the boundary layer on a wing are, however, strongly dependent on freestream conditions which change considerably during a typical aircraft flight mission. In order to optimize performance at all points of the flight envelope, the effective wing geometry and other means of control must therefore adjust to these changing conditions. Adaptive wing aspects are, consequently, being addressed.