Tin phosphide nanoparticles loaded on multi-walled carbon nanotubes networks as a superior anode material for lithium ion batteries

Abstract The development and design of the anode materials has become one of research hotspots for high-performance Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) currently. Sn4P3 has a layer crystal structure, and its special crystal structure endow it superior electrochemical performance, such as high theory capacity, better electron conductivity etc, which is thought to be a promising anode material for LIBs. But the rapid capacity attenuation caused by the huge volume change and tin nanoparticles (NPs) agglomeration during the cycling process greatly limits its application. Herein, tin phosphide/ multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Sn4P3/MWCNTs) is synthesized successfully by a facile in-situ solvothermal method. As the anode for LIBs, the Sn4P3/MWCNTs composite shows a discharge capacity of 783 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at the current density of 100 mA g−1. Even at a current density of 1 A g−1 for 500 cycles, the reversible specific capacity still could be remained at 403 mAh g−1. The cycling performance of Sn4P3/MWCNTs at 100 and 500 mAg−1 after 100 cycles, which are far superior to that of bare Sn4P3 and MWCNTs. These excellent electrochemical performances are originated from the synergistic effect between MWCNTs and Sn4P3. MWCNTs is help to enhance the conductivity and serve as a framework to disperse Sn4P3 NPs, further it can alleviate the large volume change to improve cycle stability during the charge/discharge process, while Sn4P3 NPs can contribute high specific capacity. In addition, the pseudocapacitance capacity contribution can explain the stable Li+ storage and good rate performance of Sn4P3/MWCNTs composite. Hence, Sn4P3/MWCNTs suggests a huge potential as anode materials for low cost and high- performance LIBs.