Evaluation of P-Wave Dispersion, Diastolic Function, and Atrial Electromechanical Conduction in Pediatric Patients with Subclinical Hypothyroidism

Aim This study aimed to evaluate ventricular diastolic dysfunction, inter- and intraatrial conduction delay, and P-wave dispersion in pediatric patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. Methods The study comprised a total of 30 pediatric patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) (mean age 7.8 ± 3.2 years) and 30 healthy children (mean age 8.4 ± 3.6 years) as the control group. A SH diagnosis was made in the event of increased serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and decreased serum free triiodothyronine (T3) and free thyroxine (T4) concentrations. Results Conventional Doppler imaging (TDI) showed low mitral early diastolic E-wave velocity and E/A ratio (P < 0.001) and significantly higher mitral late diastolic A-wave velocity (P = 0.001) in hypothyroidism patients. Moreover, patients with hypothyroidism had significantly lower left ventricular (LV) septal Em velocity and Em/Am ratios compared with the control group (P < 0.001), whereas Am velocity was higher in hypothyroidism patients (P = 0.018). LV lateral Em velocity and Em/Am ratio were significantly lower in patients with hypothyroidism compared with the control group (P < 0.001). With regard to atrial electromechanical conduction, atrial electromechanical delay (PA) lateral, PA septum, PA tricuspid, and each of interatrial and intraatrial conduction delay were significantly prolonged in hypothyroidism patients as compared with the control group (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.023, P = 0.002, and P = 0.003, respectively). P-wave dispersion was significantly different in the pediatric patients with hypothyroidism (P < 0.001). Conclusion This study demonstrated atrial electromechanical conduction delay, abnormal P-wave dispersion, and ventricle diastolic dysfunction in pediatric patients with hypothyroidism.