Comparative risks of bleeding, ischemic stroke and mortality with direct oral anticoagulants versus phenprocoumon in patients with atrial fibrillation

Purpose The pivotal trials for stroke prevention in non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) compared rivaroxaban, dabigatran, and apixaban with warfarin, as did most claims-based studies. Comparisons with phenprocoumon, the most frequently used vitamin K antagonist (VKA) in Germany, are scarce.